¿RAZA O COLOR?

Vida

People on the earth
People on the earth show idea of ecology, connection, peace   Farsh ID 6540579 | Dreamstime Stock Photo

Nuestro mundo está lleno de colorido. El sentido de la vista nos permite, no sólo ver, sino también distinguir objetos. ¡La mayoría de nosotros cuenta además con la gran bendición de tener la capacidad de distinguir colores! Eso no es esencial, tener vista debería ser suficiente. Pero ver a todo color, a eso le llamo un beneficio marginal.  Gracias a eso podemos apreciar la variedad que nos rodea. Podemos también darnos el lujo de decidir qué colores son nuestros favoritos, cuáles simplemente nos gustan y hasta cuáles detestamos.

Cuando pienso en color, pienso en vegetación y en sus derivados, como por ejemplo, telas. También pienso en animales, en ropa, en objetos.

Se me hace difícil pensar o hablar de color como algo que deba identificar o describir a seres humanos. Sin embargo, es cierto que tenemos diferentes colores de piel, pelo, ojos. Eso también creo que es una bendición y parte de la variedad que nos rodea, lo que debería ser positivo. Pero no necesariamente es así. Todo o casi todo en la naturaleza está unido, conectado, con todas sus características, incluyendo colores. Una de las razones por las que los seres humanos estamos divididos es precisamente, por la diversidad de colores. Es que a esa diversidad le llamamos razas o etnias.

Y, claro, como siempre, aquí voy con las definiciones de la Real Academia Española (RAE):

“Raza

1. Casta o calidad del origen o linaje.
2. Cada uno de los grupos en que se subdividen algunas especies biológicas y cuyos caracteres diferenciales se perpetúan por herencia.
3. Calidad de algunas cosas, en relación con ciertas características que las definen.
raza humana
1. humanidad (género humano).

de raza

1. loc. adj. Dicho de un animal: Que pertenece a una raza seleccionada.

Etnia

Del griego éthnos ‘pueblo’.
1. Comunidad humana definida por afinidades raciales, lingüísticas, culturales, etc.

Humanidad

  1. naturaleza humana.
  2. Género humano.
  3. Conjunto de personas.

naturaleza humana

  1. Conjunto de todos los hombres.
  2. Conjunto de cualidades y caracteres propios del hombre.”

Nota: Por supuesto, donde dice “hombre”, entendemos “persona, ser humano”, porque obviamente, incluye a la mujer.

Estas definiciones hablan de calidad del origen, grupos, características y afinidades. Eso para mí tiene mucho sentido, en vista de que los seres humanos, a pesar de estar hechos de lo mismo y ser esencialmente iguales, vivimos fragmentados por muchas y diferentes razones, por ejemplo, ubicación geográfica. Sin embargo, entre esas razones no debería estar nuestra apariencia física, mucho menos el color de nuestra piel, el color de nuestros ojos, la forma de nuestros ojos o la textura de nuestro cabello. Según lo veo, eso es accesorio, secundario. En lo realmente importante -corazón, mente, capacidades intelectuales y artísticas, organismo físico, y otras- somos iguales, estamos hechos de lo mismo. Y por cierto, vamos para el mismo sitio, nuestro cuerpo tendrá el mismo fin cuando se nos acabe la vida.

Creo que es enriquecedor reconocer diferencias culturales desde el punto de vista de costumbres, modales, comida, arte y tantas otras cosas que distinguen a los diferentes grupos étnicos. Pero el hecho de ser diferentes no nos hace inferiores. Realmente me resulta devastador y hasta insultante que seres humanos sean vistos por otros seres humanos como inferiores. Y que esa “inferioridad” sea determinada por algo tan natural y tan precioso como el color de la piel, la forma de los ojos o la textura del cabello.

Eso de hablar de raza negra, raza blanca, raza india, raza oriental, es algo que nunca he entendido. Recientemente escuché a alguien describir a otra persona como de “raza oscura”. ¡¿Qué es eso?! Otro disparate para referirse a algo que no hay ni que mencionar. Raza y color no son sinónimos. Ya es suficiente ignorancia hablar de raza negra, y ahora también le ponemos tonos. Claro, los tonos son para los negros, porque jamás he escuchado que se hable de un blanco o de un amarillo claro o menos claro.

No somos racistas, no

También hay un cierto racismo disfrazado, suavizado, algunos dicen que hipócrita. Algunos latinos, como los puertorriqueños, hablamos de trigueños para referirnos a las personas que son mestizas. Pero hasta en eso nos equivocamos. Definición de la RAE:

“trigueño, ña
1. adj. Dicho de un color: Amarillo oscuro, como el del trigo maduro. U. t. c. s.
2. adj. De color trigueño.
3. adj. Hond. y Ven. Dicho de una persona: De raza negra o de piel muy oscura.”

Así es que trigueños quizás sean los orientales, cuyo color de piel es más parecido al del trigo maduro. O los blancos de tono amarillo, que los hay. Y notarán que según la RAE, en Honduras y Venezuela le llaman trigueño al de “raza negra o de piel muy oscura”. Ni a la hora de discriminar nos ponemos de acuerdo.

Notarán también que, de acuerdo con la RAE, cuando se habla “de raza” nos debemos estar refiriendo a un animal, que “pertenece a una raza seleccionada”. Razas que, por cierto, han sido creadas por los seres humanos, a partir de mezclas entre animales. Sin embargo, ¿cuántos formularios hemos llenado en los que se nos pregunta a qué raza pertenecemos? Pues a la raza humana, ¿a cuál va a ser? Esa siempre me ha parecido una de las preguntas más absurdas que un miembro de la raza humana le puede hacer a otro. Y por cierto, nunca la contesto.

Otra manifestación del discrimen suavizado ocurre cuando en lugar de referirnos a una persona por su nombre o título, nos referimos al “negrito” o la “negrita”, el “chinito” o la “chinita”. Será que el diminutivo se oye menos discriminatorio. Señores, es igual o peor. ¿Alguna vez se refieren al blanco o blanca como “el blanquito” o “la blanquita”? De hecho, si por alguna razón tenemos que mencionar el color de piel de alguien, no hay nada malo en decir negro, a menos que tengamos la intención de insultar.

Me llama mucho la atención el hecho de que, según los racistas blancos -que conste, que hay racistas de todas las etnias y colores de piel-, la raza blanca es superior a la negra y la amarilla. Sin embargo, si eres hijo de blanco y negro, eres negro. Igualmente, si eres hijo de blanco y asiático u oriental, eres asiático, oriental, amarillo. ¿Por qué no eres blanco? ¿No dicen que la raza blanca es superior a la negra? Entonces en una mezcla, debería predominar. Bueno, pero no soy experta en genética. Acepto educación sobre este punto.

Mitos

Cuando he tocado el tema del racismo con conocidos, algunos me han contado lo que se decía quizás en su familia o vecindario, para explicar por qué los negros son inferiores a los blancos. ¡Qué barbaridad, lo escribo y se me revuelve el estómago! Uno de los mitos que más me ha llamado la atención y que he escuchado varias veces es que: La gente negra surgió cuando unos trabajadores de campo accidentalmente derramaron una carga de excremento sobre unas personas, blancas, porque antes todos eran blancos, que estaban en su camino. Quedaron pintados de color oscuro, nunca lo pudieron remover y de ahí en adelante sus hijos nacieron negros. Por eso, son inferiores.
¿De veras, en serio, hay quien cree o quiere creer esto? Pues sí, damas y caballeros, así de insultante a la inteligencia como suena, hay quien opta por creer cualquier disparate con tal de sentirse superior.

A mí me parece ridículo que se tenga que destacar la “raza” o más bien, color de piel, de alguien cuando hablamos de logros. Qué tal “El primer Presidente negro de los Estados Unidos de América”, o la primera mujer negra en ocupar tal o cual puesto prominente, o el primer atleta negro en lograr tal cosa. ¿Qué hay de los méritos de esas personas, por qué hay que destacar el color de piel? Ah, porque, recuerden, son inferiores, según los demás y hasta según ellos mismos. No se supone ni se espera que tenga logros iguales a los de los “superiores”. ¡Ay, Dios!

Siempre recuerdo con algo de tristeza, pero a la vez un poco divertida, una experiencia que tuve con una persona muy querida. Vio una foto de un amigo y pensó que era mi novio. Me dijo que esperaba que no me casara con él porque “hay que mejorar la raza”. Otra expresión absurda y que por cierto, no tiene sentido para mí. Pero, por lo menos en Puerto Rico se usa mucho para recomendar que negros se casen con blancos. Pero qué cosa, entonces, ¿los blancos están dañando la raza si se casan con negros? Bueno, el punto es que yo le seguí la corriente a ver a dónde llegábamos. Me preguntó su nombre. Resulta que su nombre y apellidos son en inglés. De momento al hombre como que le aclaró un poco la piel. “Ah, es americano”, léase, es superior. Ya no se ve tan negro. Cuando me pregunta de dónde lo conozco y a qué se dedica, se entera de que practica una de estas profesiones muy apreciadas en nuestra sociedad, de las que requieren licencia para ejercer. Ah, no, no se nos puede escapar. Tienes que casarte con ese hombre. Cuando miré la foto de nuevo hasta lo vi blanco. ¡Por favor! ¡A qué extremos llegamos!

Hace algún tiempo leí esta cita que me encantó y comparto:

“The variety of our skin tones
can confuse, bemuse, delight,
brown and pink and beige and purple,
tan and blue and white.
I’ve sailed upon the seven seas
and stopped in every land,
I’ve seen the wonders of the world
not yet one common man.”

Maya Angelou excerpt from Human Family.

A continuación mi traducción imperfecta:

“La variedad de los tonos de nuestra piel
puede confundir, aturdir, deleitar,
marrón y rosa y crema y púrpura,
ocre y azul y blanco.
He navegado sobre los siete mares
y me he detenido en cada tierra,
he visto las maravillas del mundo
pero aún no un hombre común.”

De eso se trata, aceptemos que lucimos diferentes pero somos iguales.

ara 07092017

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